| Enhanced or reduced concentration polarization by membrane fouling in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) processes |
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학술지명 The 2nd International Desalination Workshop
저자 김충환,김수한,이승윤,이은경,Sarp Sarper,조재원
발표일 2008-10-08
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Fouling affects salt rejection in seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) processes with two different mechanisms. First, salt concentration in permeate generally increases with flux decline because pure water flux decline rate is higher than salt flux decline rate. Second, salt mass transfer can be altered inside the fouling layer structure to result in cake enhanced concentration polarization (CECP) or cake reduced concentration polarization (CRCP). These two effects of fouling on salt rejection in SWRO processes were studied through a lab-scale membrane filtration test. Seawater was taken from Masan Bay, South Korea and foulants such as humic acid (HA), sodium alginate (SA), and silica nanoparticle (S120; particle diameter = 120 nm), were added to the seawater for the rapid fouling test. All the test conditions except model foulant were controlled equally. Denser fouling layers tend to induce CRCP rather than CECP. The organic foulants such as HA and SA build up denser fouling layer than S120 nanoparticles. As a result, S120 fouling layer induced CECP to accelerate salt rejection decreasing rate while HA and SA fouling layer hindered the convection of salt to lead CRCP decelerating the rate. The organic foulants tended to build up denser fouling layer to lead CRCP and the looser nanoparticle cake layer leaded CECP. |