| Fates of Compounds of Emerging Concern in the Process of Full Scale Membrane Treatment |
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학술지명 한국환경분석학회
저자 최일환,최재원,최원석,장현지
발표일 2015-11-06
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Due to the rapid progress of urbanization and industrialization, proper treatment process of CECs (Compounds of Emerging Concern) that is difficult to remove in water treatment, particularly in membrane process is necessary. This study investigates the fates of CECs in full scale membrane treatment facility. The plant consists of pre-chlorine, activated carbon adsorption, coagulation·sedimentation, membrane filtration and chlorine as a disinfection. Laboratory analyses were conducted on 4 samples as raw water, membrane influent, membrane effluent, and treated water once in every month from March to September. CECs such as phenacetin, carbamazepine, pentoxifylline, norfloxacin, atenolol (pharmaceutical), kitazine, isoprothiolane, metolachlor, tebuconazole, and hexaconazole (pesticide) were measured.For inflow characteristics by month, concentration of pesticides were relatively high from March to May related to agriculture activity, and pharmaceuticals were very low that it was difficult to observe temporal trend. The removal ratio of overall process was roughly 71% and most of them were removed in prechlorine with activated carbon(25%) and disinfection(28%) and partially removed in membrane filtration(18%). They were removed in relatively high efficiency in prechlorine-activated carbon and post-chlorine process. This shows pharmaceuticals are effectively removed by chlorine oxidation. Compare to sole membrane treatment in references, combined membrane processes showed high removals of CECs. |