| Organic micropollutant removal from groundwater: comparison of pellet softening and nanofiltration |
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학술지명 IWA-J. Water Supply-AQUA
저자 김성한,최재원,유영범,맹승규,Carlos,김병수,홍석원
발표일 2016-09-19
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This study investigated the fate of selected pharmaceuticals and estrogens and the characteristics ofbulk organic matter during pellet softening and proposed a possible hybridization with nanofiltration(NF) treatment. A groundwater softening system called pellet softening was used to remove calciumions from groundwater by crystallizing calcium carbonate on the surface of sand grains that wereused as seeding material. This crystallization was confirmed by X-ray powder diffraction, and X-rayfluorescence and scanning electron micrographs were used to characterize the surface of the sandgrains during pellet softening. The fluorescence excitation?emission matrix showed that humic-likesubstances were slightly removed and that specific UV absorbance values decreased after pelletsoftening. The humic fraction determined by liquid chromatography-organic carbon detection wasslightly more attenuated than the fractions of biopolymers, building blocks, low molecular weightacids, and low molecular weight neutrals. Therefore, the aromatic content per unit of dissolvedorganic carbon was preferentially attenuated during pellet softening. The average removalefficiencies of the three estrogens and 12 selected pharmaceuticals during the softening processwere 59 and 5.7%, respectively. However, there was a greater reduction of pharmaceuticals duringNF. |