During extreme floods caused by climate change, reliable flow discharge data are essential for
successful reservoir operation to mitigate downstream flood damage. Generally, the flow discharge is
computed using the rating curve (RC) established from the relationship between the flow rate and
water stage level. Determining the parameters of rating curves is subject to uncertainties related to the
difficulties and limitations of flow monitoring in covering a wide range of flow variations. Especially at
river confluences, the uncertainties are pronounced when floods occur owing to several factors such as
roughness change, backwaters, and levee overflow. The Seomjin River Basin in Korea suffered from
flood inundation that occurred at the tributary confluence during an extreme flood in 2020. To
identify a reliable flow rate of the main stream and tributary, this study proposes an indirect flow
assessment scheme using a 1Dhydrodynamic simulation model to find the best simulated water level
in an iterative manner based on Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. With a large amount of discharge data
generated from random-number combinations, it is possible to obtain the best results automatically
by specifying the reliability limitation considering the uncertainty of the predetermined RC
parameters associated with the roughness coefficient. Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) was incorporated
to evaluate the reproduced water level to meet the threshold specified for NSE?0.75. The
simulated flowrates computed from the revised RC and roughness coefficients revealed an error range
of8%?36.6% compared with the design flood. The approach proposed in this study is applicable for
determining the valid parameters necessary to create a revised RC at an existing water level gauge
station, where the uncertainties of theRC are pronounced, particularly in the vicinity of the channel
confluence.