This study evaluated the removal efficiency of 10 types of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs; 3 types
of perfluorinated sulfonate (PFSA) and 7 types of perfluorinated carboxylic acid (PFCA)) according
to raw water (lake water, river water) characteristics in drinking water treatment systems (6 water
treatment plants) combining ozone (Pre-O3, Post-O3), granular activated carbon (GAC, Filter-
Adsorber) and membrane (Microfiltration membrane; MF). PFCs were present at the level of several
ng/L in the target raw water, but the concentration was about twice higher in river water than in lake
water. It was difficult to decompose and remove by biological treatment process and ozone process,
and the removal rate was effective through the GAC process and depended on the organic matter
concentration (DOC) of the raw water and the number of years the activated carbon was used. A
water treatment system with a high concentration (DOC ≥ 3~4 mg/L)of organic matter in the influent
and a GAC process that had been in use for more than 2 years also showed a negative removal rate.