This study investigates the feasibility of high recovery reverse?osmosis(RO) concentrate generated in a
high?recovery wastewater?reuse process by means of electrodialysis(ED). RO concentrate(ROC 90 %) was
obtained from the reuse line of the A?sewage?treatment plant under a 90 % water?recovery condition. First,
the physicochemical characteristics of ROC 90 % were examined, revealing a Langelier Saturation Index(LSI)
of 1.0 (indicating a supersaturated state and a high likelihood of calcium?carbonate scaling), a silicate
concentration of 34.6 mg/L(below supersaturation), trace levels of iron and aluminum, and a
dissolved?organic?carbon(DOC) fraction in which 48% of the mass consists of molecules smaller than 1 kDa
(a size range capable of inducing irreversible membrane fouling). Subsequently, the effect of pH pre?treatment
on the ED over?concentration performance was evaluated by comparing runs with and without pH adjustment
of the feed. With pH adjustment, ROC 90 % could be concentrated to a conductivity of 72.5 mS/cm,
whereas the untreated feed reached only 42.4 mS/cm before scaling occurred, confirming that pH
pretreatment is essential for achieving high?level over?concentration. Although the overall salt?removal rate
showed little dependence on pH adjustment, the concentration rate in the pH?adjusted case was more than
twice that of the untreated case, suggesting that phenomena such as back?diffusion or membrane charge
changes influence the process and warrant further investigation. All three compartments of the ED stack
(dilution chamber, concentration chamber, and electrode chambers) exhibited a decrease in pH during
operation with pH?treated feed, indicating the need for active pH control―particularly in the dilution and
electrode compartments―to maintain water quality for reuse and to prevent performance degradation of the
ED system.