Floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems, as a relatively new technology compared to traditional land-based photovoltaic installations, are increasingly contributing to global decarbonization and clean energy initiatives. As solar energy adoption expands, the effective operation and maintenance of FPV systems become critical for large-scale deployment. This underscores the need for a comprehensive understanding of failure mechanisms, particularly those associated with humidity-induced degradation affecting floating components, to guide the advancement of manufacturing processes.
Unlike terrestrial PV systems, FPV systems incorporate additional components such as floating modules, support structures, pontoons, and underwater cables, which are uniquely exposed to aquatic environments and related stressors. These additional elements introduce novel failure modes, including biofouling, corrosion, mechanical wear from wave action, and moisture ingress, which can adversely impact system performance and longevity. Moreover, the dynamic aquatic environment poses challenges for inspection, maintenance, and repair activities, further complicating operational reliability.
Despite the growing deployment of FPV technology worldwide, the limited number of organizations with extensive operational experience has resulted in a constrained understanding of the specific failure modes and the development of tailored mitigation strategies. Consequently, systematic research and field data collection are essential to identify critical degradation pathways and to optimize design, material selection, and maintenance protocols. Addressing these knowledge gaps is vital to enhance the durability, safety, and economic viability of FPV systems, thereby supporting their broader adoption in the renewable energy sector.
This paper aims to share insights on potential failures in floating PV systems and discuss the solution for preventing to address them.