Floods stand as one of the most devastating hydrometeorological hazards globally, with their severity intensifyingdue to climate change, altered hydrological patterns, and urban sprawl into flood-prone zones. Achievingaccurate, high-temporal-resolution flood mapping is paramount for validating hydraulic models andimplementing effective disaster risk management, particularly in regions that lack comprehensive data.
This study introduces an integrated flood analysis framework that combines high-frequency X-band SyntheticAperture Radar (SAR) imagery from the Capella Space small-satellite constellation with two-dimensional HEC-RAShydraulic simulations. We analyzed two major flood events in South Korea during the 2023 and 2024 wetseasons. SAR imagery, acquired in Stripmap mode with 1.2m resolution, was pre-processed in QGIS forradiometric calibration and converted to backscatter coefficients in decibels (dB). Subsequently, Google EarthEngine (GEE) was used for time-series image filtering, histogram analysis, and automated thresholding via Otsu'smethod to pinpoint flood extents.
To evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the SAR-derived flood extent, a comparative analysis was performedagainst HEC-RAS 2D simulation results. Flooded areas identified by GEE were overlaid with hydraulic modeloutputs. This allowed for an assessment of spatial agreement, consistency of inundation boundaries, and extentdeviations across various dates. This comparison underscored the value of high-temporal SAR data in capturingthe rapid evolution of floods. It also revealed areas where hydraulic simulations either over- or underestimatedinundation zones, often due to uncertainties in terrain data or model parameters.
The integration of remotely sensed observations with hydraulic models significantly elevates flood hazardassessment by refining the calibration and validation of simulations...